Second messengers are generated within the cell as a downstream step in signal transduction cascades initiated by the interaction of an external stimulus with a cell surface receptor. Common second messengers include DAG, cAMP, cGMP, IP3, Ca2+ and phosphatidylinositols (reviewed in Kang et al, 2015; Raker et al, 2016; Li and Marshall, 2015; Pinto et al, 2015; Ahmad et al, 2015).
Kim, S, Kang, DS, Lee, C, Suh, PG, Yang, YR, Ryu, SH
Ulrich, H, Gomes, KN, Goulart, VA, Kihara, AH, Resende, RR, Pinto, MC, Tonelli, FM
Becker, C, Steinbrink, K, Raker, VK
Patel, S, Levine, TP
Murata, T, Ahmad, F, Degerman, E, Shimizu, K, Manganiello, V, Maurice, D
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