Viral 2',5'-PDE cleaves 2'-5' oligoadenylates

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-9615042
Type
Reaction [transition]
Species
Homo sapiens
Related Species
Rotavirus A
Compartment
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Viral infection produces dsRNA that activates the 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) to synthesize 5'-triphosphorylated 2'-5'-linked oligoadenylate from ATP. The 2'-5'-linked oligoadenylate with a chemical structure of ppp5'A(2'p5'A)n contain 2 to greater than 5 adenylyl residues (n>2) and are commonly referred to as 2-5A (Kerr IM & Brown RE 1978). The 2-5As bind latent ribonuclease L (RNase L) which in human is encoded by RNASEL gene. RNase L oligomerizes into an active complex capable of cleaving viral ssRNA and cellular ssRNA to inhibit viral replication and spread (Silverman RH 2007; Malathi K et al. 2007; Chakrabarti A et al. 2015). Viruses have developed diverse strategies to escape the host antiviral effects. Several viruses, including some coronaviruses and rotaviruses, encode structurally related 2H phosphoesterases with two conserved His-x-Ser/Thr motifs in their catalytic sites. The NS4b protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), the protein VP3 of rotavirus A (RVA), the non-structural 2 (NS2) protein of human respiratory coronavirus HCoV-OC43 and its homologue ns2 protein of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) possess enzymatic 2′,5-phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity that is capable of antagonizing RNase L and thus countering a potent host antiviral response in mammals (Mazumder R et al., 2002; Zhao L et al. 2012; Zhang R et al. 2013; Silverman RH & Weiss SR 2014; Ogden KM et al. 2015; Sui B et al. 2016; Thornbrough JM et al. 2016; Goldstein SA et al. 2017). The viral 2',5'-PDEs are phylogenetically related to the cellular 2',5'-PDE, a kinase anchoring protein 7 (AKAP7) (Mazumder R et al., 2002; Gold MG et al. 2008; Ogden KM et al. 2015; Brandmann T & Jinek M 2015). Murine AKAP7 was found to cleave the phosphodiester bonds of 2-5A in vitro with rates similar to its viral homologues, ns2 of MHV and VP3 of RVA (Gusho E et al. 2014). Murine AKAP7 (full length and central domain) also effectively degraded 2-5A in intact pIC-transfected human ovarian carcinoma Hey1B cells (Gusho E et al. 2014). The proviral effect of murine AKAP7 required cytoplasmic localization of the PDE domain of AKAP7, whereas full-length AKAP7 was observed only in nuclei. Further studies are needed to identify the subcellular compartment of 2′,5′-PDE activity of AKAP7.

The Reactome event shows a cleavage of 2-5A by RVA protein VP3 as an example of viral 2',5'-PDE activity that antagonizes dsRNA signaling to RNase L.

Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
23878220 Homologous 2',5'-phosphodiesterases from disparate RNA viruses antagonize antiviral innate immunity

Silverman, RH, Dong, B, Weiss, SR, Zhang, R, Jha, BK, Patton, JT, Ogden, KM, Zhao, L, Elliott, R

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2013
24905202 Viral phosphodiesterases that antagonize double-stranded RNA signaling to RNase L by degrading 2-5A

Silverman, RH, Weiss, SR

J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 2014
Participants
Participates
Catalyst Activity

oligoribonucleotidase activity of Protein VP3 [cytosol]

Disease
Name Identifier Synonyms
viral infectious disease DOID:934 Viral disease, virus infection, virus infection
Authored
Reviewed
Created
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