Type I interferon (IFN-I) immune signaling is dampened in COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein produces this effect (Li et al, 2020). N co-localized and co-immunoprecipitated with TRIM25 (Gianni Gori Savellini et al. 2021; Oh & Shin 2021). Moreover, co-localization of RIG-I and TRIM25 was destroyed by co-expression of N protein. In summary, low-dose N protein suppressed IFN-I production via sequestering TRIM25 to inhibit RIG-I ubiquitination, while high-dose N protein promoted IFN-I signaling and inflammatory cytokine expression (Oh & Shin 2021; Zhao et al. 2021).
Hou, Z, Wang, W, Tan, G, Wang, G, Zhao, Y, Liu, Q, Yu, Y, Wu, P, Sui, L, Wang, Z
Shin, OS, Oh, SJ
Cusi, MG, Anichini, G, Gandolfo, C, Gori Savellini, G
Tan, YJ, Li, JY, Luo, R, Liao, CH, Qiu, Y, Ge, XY, Wang, Q
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